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→‎Dynamoarten: etwas Struktur reingebracht und Übersetzungsanfang
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(→‎Dynamoarten: etwas Struktur reingebracht und Übersetzungsanfang)
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==Dynamoarten==
==Dynamoarten==
Es gibt drei gebräuchliche Typen von Dynamos, die rotierende Magneten zur Stromerzeugung einsetzen. Jeder dieser Typen hat seine eigenen Vor- und Nachteile.


There are three common designs for producing the magnetic rotation to generate electricity.  Each design of generator has certain advantage and disadvantages.
===Seitenläuferdynamo===
bottle generatorBottle Generators:


These were the most common type for many years.  The body of the generator is shaped somewhat like a bottle, with the drive wheel forming the bottle cap.  The drive wheel leans against the sidewall of the tire (sometimes upon a special “generator drive track”) and spins the generator’s main shaft.  Inside the body, the shaft rotates the magnets. The image if of a modern Busch & Müller tire-driven generator.
These were the most common type for many years.  The body of the generator is shaped somewhat like a bottle, with the drive wheel forming the bottle cap.  The drive wheel leans against the sidewall of the tire (sometimes upon a special “generator drive track”) and spins the generator’s main shaft.  Inside the body, the shaft rotates the magnets. The image if of a modern Busch & Müller tire-driven generator.


Advantages: This is the least expensive design.  Used ones can be found for free. They are small and weigh little.  They can be mounted to either the front or rear wheel.  To turn the generator off, you swing it out of contact with the tire, so there is zero generator drag when it’s not in use.  
;Vorteile:
This is the least expensive design.  Used ones can be found for free. They are small and weigh little.  They can be mounted to either the front or rear wheel.  To turn the generator off, you swing it out of contact with the tire, so there is zero generator drag when it’s not in use.  
 
;Nachteile:
They usually have more drag than other designs. They tend to slip in heavy rain or snow. There’s usually some noise. Tire sidewall wear can be a concern with lightweight tires. The generator and its mounting must be carefully aligned with the bike wheel to minimize drag and wear. If the wheel is badly out of true, the generator may slip at that point.  Brackets usually clamp to the fork or frame, and may not be advisable with carbon fiber.  Bottom-bracket generatorThe generator and mounting clamps are very visible, and some object to the appearance.
 
===Rollen- oder Trelagerdynamos===


Disadvantages: They usually have more drag than other designs. They tend to slip in heavy rain or snow. There’s usually some noise. Tire sidewall wear can be a concern with lightweight tires. The generator and its mounting must be carefully aligned with the bike wheel to minimize drag and wear. If the wheel is badly out of true, the generator may slip at that point.  Brackets usually clamp to the fork or frame, and may not be advisable with carbon fiber.  Bottom-bracket generatorThe generator and mounting clamps are very visible, and some object to the appearance.
Roller (or Bottom Bracket) Generators:


These uncommon units typically mount between the cranks and rear wheel, under the bike.  The roller contacts the center of the tread, not the sidewall of the tire. These are no longer made, but you may find one as new old stock or slightly used.
These uncommon units typically mount between the cranks and rear wheel, under the bike.  The roller contacts the center of the tread, not the sidewall of the tire. These are no longer made, but you may find one as new old stock or slightly used.


Advantages: Small and almost hidden, these are nearly invisible on the bike. More protected position, which may be especially valuable for some folding bikes.  Zero drag when off. Contact with the tire tread prevents tire wear problems.  Larger rollers produce somewhat less drag than with bottle generators  Quieter than bottle units. Disadvantages: Much more tendency to slip in mud or snow.  If sticky road tar (etc.) accumulates on the roller, it may cause vibration. Roller and bearing wear are hastened by road dirt. Difficult to turn on or off without dismounting.  Mounting may be difficult on frames with tight space near the bottom bracket. Not compatible with a bottom-bracket mounted kickstand.
;Vorteile:
Hub generatorHub generators:
Small and almost hidden, these are nearly invisible on the bike. More protected position, which may be especially valuable for some folding bikes.  Zero drag when off. Contact with the tire tread prevents tire wear problems.  Larger rollers produce somewhat less drag than with bottle generators  Quieter than bottle units.  
 
;Nachteile:
Much more tendency to slip in mud or snow.  If sticky road tar (etc.) accumulates on the roller, it may cause vibration. Roller and bearing wear are hastened by road dirt. Difficult to turn on or off without dismounting.  Mounting may be difficult on frames with tight space near the bottom bracket. Not compatible with a bottom-bracket mounted kickstand.
 
===Nabendynamos===


These replace the normal front (or rarely, rear) hub.  They are installed by building or rebuilding the wheel, unless bought as part of the wheel.  Most have no extraneous moving parts, although a very few have on-off clutches to further reduce drag.  Hub units are usually judged to be the best bike generators, and are rapidly gaining market share, especially as original equipment on European utility bikes, since this avoids the cost of (re)building a wheel.
These replace the normal front (or rarely, rear) hub.  They are installed by building or rebuilding the wheel, unless bought as part of the wheel.  Most have no extraneous moving parts, although a very few have on-off clutches to further reduce drag.  Hub units are usually judged to be the best bike generators, and are rapidly gaining market share, especially as original equipment on European utility bikes, since this avoids the cost of (re)building a wheel.
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The fanciest an most expensive hub generators are made by Busch & Müller, in Germany. These have a special feature which protects them from condensation of moisture inside. Models are made for different dropout spacings and wheel sizes.
The fanciest an most expensive hub generators are made by Busch & Müller, in Germany. These have a special feature which protects them from condensation of moisture inside. Models are made for different dropout spacings and wheel sizes.


Advantages: These are the most efficient and most reliable bike generators, with the least amount of drag when turned on.  No possibility of slipping.  Very inconspicuous on the bike, so theft resistant.  The easiest generator to move from bike to bike: just trade wheels, assuming the wheel sizes are the same.
;Vorteile:
These are the most efficient and most reliable bike generators, with the least amount of drag when turned on.  No possibility of slipping.  Very inconspicuous on the bike, so theft resistant.  The easiest generator to move from bike to bike: just trade wheels, assuming the wheel sizes are the same.


Disadvantages: The most expensive generator type, especially for aftermarket sales.  They require building a wheel, which most cyclists will trust only to a bike shop. There is some drag even when turned off, although it’s negligible with the best models. Unlike with other generators, small-wheel bicycles may need a different model hub unit, since wheel rotational speed is different.  (Tire tread speed is not affected by wheel size, so this is not a worry for bottle or roller units.) Some hub units produce a very slight vibration in the handlebars at certain speeds. Some headlight flicker may be visible at super-slow (walking) speed -- but this is actually an advantage because more light is produced than if the power output were steady.
;Nachteile;
The most expensive generator type, especially for aftermarket sales.  They require building a wheel, which most cyclists will trust only to a bike shop. There is some drag even when turned off, although it’s negligible with the best models. Unlike with other generators, small-wheel bicycles may need a different model hub unit, since wheel rotational speed is different.  (Tire tread speed is not affected by wheel size, so this is not a worry for bottle or roller units.) Some hub units produce a very slight vibration in the handlebars at certain speeds. Some headlight flicker may be visible at super-slow (walking) speed -- but this is actually an advantage because more light is produced than if the power output were steady.


==Montage und Verkabelung von Dynamos==
==Montage und Verkabelung von Dynamos==
Bikegeissel
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