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This page is a companion to my introductory Tandem Article, providing footnotes and technical details of topics briefly touched on in that, more elementary article.
This page is a companion to my introductory Tandem Article, providing footnotes and technical details of topics briefly touched on in that, more elementary article.
Phase
==Phase==
Most tandems are set up so that the stoker's and pilot's cranks and pedals are synchronized. When the pilot's left crank is at the top of its rotation, the stoker's left crank is also straight up. This condition is called having the cranks "in phase."
Most tandems are set up so that the stoker's and pilot's cranks and pedals are synchronized. When the pilot's left crank is at the top of its rotation, the stoker's left crank is also straight up. This condition is called having the cranks "in phase."


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Standing to pedal is easier when both riders move together.
Standing to pedal is easier when both riders move together.
Riders move differently from one another, as each is in a different part of the power stroke.
Riders move differently from one another, as each is in a different part of the power stroke.


The pilot must remember where the stoker's pedals are in a turn.
The pilot must remember where the stoker's pedals are in a turn.
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This can help in steep climbs, and also reduces stress to some drive-train parts, since both riders are never applying full power at the same time.
This can help in steep climbs, and also reduces stress to some drive-train parts, since both riders are never applying full power at the same time.
"There are essentially three entities riding a tandem:
The captain, the stoker, and the spirit.
It is the spirit who likes in-phase cranks."


--Osman Isvan
"There are essentially three entities riding a tandem:
The captain, the stoker, and the spirit.
It is the spirit who likes in-phase cranks."


Spoke Divider
--Osman Isvan


Spoke Divider
 
Cranks and Cadence
==Kurbeln und Kadenz==
Any tandem team needs to come to terms with the cadence issue. With practice and patience, most couples can work this out on a standard tandem. Some teams, particularly those who are not well-matched in leg length or pedaling style, may need to go to a technical fix.
Any tandem team needs to come to terms with the cadence issue. With practice and patience, most couples can work this out on a standard tandem. Some teams, particularly those who are not well-matched in leg length or pedaling style, may need to go to a technical fix.
Different-Length Cranks
===Unterschiedliche Kurbellängen===
The simplest way to accommodate disparate cadence preferences is to install different-length cranks for the stoker and for the pilot.
The simplest way to accommodate disparate cadence preferences is to install different-length cranks for the stoker and for the pilot.


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Note, changing the crank length doesn't directly change the cadence, and both riders will still be pedaling at the same cadence, but the longer cranks will encourage the "spinner" to slow down a bit, and the shorter cranks will make it easier for the "slogger" to keep up.
Note, changing the crank length doesn't directly change the cadence, and both riders will still be pedaling at the same cadence, but the longer cranks will encourage the "spinner" to slow down a bit, and the shorter cranks will make it easier for the "slogger" to keep up.
Independent Gearing/Coasting.
===Entkoppelte Gangschaltung und Freiläufe===
But what about giving each rider the option of shifting to a different gear than that used by the other? What about giving one or both riders the option of coasting while the other continues to pedal?
But what about giving each rider the option of shifting to a different gear than that used by the other? What about giving one or both riders the option of coasting while the other continues to pedal?


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